All you need is to use ZFS or BTRFS locally to prevent master version bitrot and provide failover/redundancy, manually sync that to a separate “offline” HDD periodically, then setup a simple pi with tailscale + HDD at a family member or friends house, and rclone all your data to it (encrypted) as a cron job every night or week. This performs the function of a cloud provider (offsite backup); alternately, just manually sync the offline HDD once a month.
With this approach you’re covered for accidental deletion, hard drive failures, bitrot, ransomware, and fire; possibly many natural disasters, depending how far away the offsite is.
Then you can just keep your most important data E2E encrypted in 1 or 2 cloud storage providers.
All you need is to use ZFS or BTRFS locally to prevent master version bitrot and provide failover/redundancy, manually sync that to a separate “offline” HDD periodically, then setup a simple pi with tailscale + HDD at a family member or friends house, and rclone all your data to it (encrypted) as a cron job every night or week. This performs the function of a cloud provider (offsite backup); alternately, just manually sync the offline HDD once a month.
With this approach you’re covered for accidental deletion, hard drive failures, bitrot, ransomware, and fire; possibly many natural disasters, depending how far away the offsite is.
Then you can just keep your most important data E2E encrypted in 1 or 2 cloud storage providers.
Note: zfs/btrfs cannot repair bitrot without redundancy, only detect it. But if redudancy, is repaired automatically (self-healing).
Raid 1/5/6 cannot repair, only detect bitrot, cannot decide which copy good.
I have never seen an implementation of e.g. a mirror that gives up on disagreements of both disks. Repairing/redundnancy is what raid is there for.
Edit: maybe old hardware raid does not check?
No, raid for disk failure: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID
Raid has no checksum, see argument here: https://superuser.com/questions/769104/is-raid1-or-similar-needed-for-btrfs-zfs-to-protect-against-bit-rot
But look like some raid implementation (and lot of drive) have error correction now: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction#Data_storage https://serverfault.com/questions/77710/is-bit-rot-on-hard-drives-a-real-problem-what-can-be-done-about-it